通常考虑使用原型生成（PG）方法来提高$ k $ neart nearbor（$ k $ nn）分类器的效率。与初始集合相比，这种方法旨在生成降低的语料库版本，而不会降低分类性能。尽管它们在多类方案中进行了庞大的应用，但很少有作品解决了多标签空间的PG方法的建议。在这方面，这项工作介绍了四种多类PG策略对多标签案例的新颖调整。这些建议通过三个基于$ k $ nn的分类器进行评估，其中12个Corpora包括各种域和语料库大小，以及数据中人为诱导的不同噪声场景。获得的结果表明，所提出的适应能够显着改善（在效率和分类性能方面），唯一的参考文献多标记PG在文献中以及没有应用PG方法的情况，也呈现A在嘈杂的场景中，统计上较高的鲁棒性。此外，这些新颖的PG策略允许通过其配置来优先考虑效率或功效标准，具体取决于目标情况，因此涵盖了以前未被其他作品所填写的解决方案空间中的广泛区域。

Classifying logo images is a challenging task as they contain elements such as text or shapes that can represent anything from known objects to abstract shapes. While the current state of the art for logo classification addresses the problem as a multi-class task focusing on a single characteristic, logos can have several simultaneous labels, such as different colors. This work proposes a method that allows visually similar logos to be classified and searched from a set of data according to their shape, color, commercial sector, semantics, general characteristics, or a combination of features selected by the user. Unlike previous approaches, the proposal employs a series of multi-label deep neural networks specialized in specific attributes and combines the obtained features to perform the similarity search. To delve into the classification system, different existing logo topologies are compared and some of their problems are analyzed, such as the incomplete labeling that trademark registration databases usually contain. The proposal is evaluated considering 76,000 logos (7 times more than previous approaches) from the European Union Trademarks dataset, which is organized hierarchically using the Vienna ontology. Overall, experimentation attains reliable quantitative and qualitative results, reducing the normalized average rank error of the state-of-the-art from 0.040 to 0.018 for the Trademark Image Retrieval task. Finally, given that the semantics of logos can often be subjective, graphic design students and professionals were surveyed. Results show that the proposed methodology provides better labeling than a human expert operator, improving the label ranking average precision from 0.53 to 0.68.

System identification, also known as learning forward models, transfer functions, system dynamics, etc., has a long tradition both in science and engineering in different fields. Particularly, it is a recurring theme in Reinforcement Learning research, where forward models approximate the state transition function of a Markov Decision Process by learning a mapping function from current state and action to the next state. This problem is commonly defined as a Supervised Learning problem in a direct way. This common approach faces several difficulties due to the inherent complexities of the dynamics to learn, for example, delayed effects, high non-linearity, non-stationarity, partial observability and, more important, error accumulation when using bootstrapped predictions (predictions based on past predictions), over large time horizons. Here we explore the use of Reinforcement Learning in this problem. We elaborate on why and how this problem fits naturally and sound as a Reinforcement Learning problem, and present some experimental results that demonstrate RL is a promising technique to solve these kind of problems.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

花岗岩块的可追溯性包括用代表数值代码的有限数量的颜色带识别每个块。在整个制造过程中，必须多次读取此代码，但其准确性受到人为错误的约束，从而导致可追溯性系统中的故障。提出了计算机视觉系统，以通过颜色检测和相关代码的解密来解决此问题。开发的系统利用了颜色空间转换，以及几个阈值来隔离颜色。实施了计算机视觉方法，以及用于颜色识别的轮廓检测程序。最后，对几何特征的分析用于解密捕获的颜色代码。所提出的算法对在不同的环境条件下拍摄的109张图片进行了训练，并在一​​组21张图像上进行了验证。结果显示出令人鼓舞的结果，在验证过程中的准确率为75.00％。因此，提出的申请可以帮助员工减少产品跟踪中的错误数量。

Covid-19（2019年冠状病毒病）的爆发改变了世界。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的说法，已确认有超过1亿个COVID案件，其中包括超过240万人死亡。早期发现该疾病非常重要，并且已证明使用医学成像，例如胸部X射线（CXR）和胸部计算机断层扫描（CCT）是一个极好的解决方案。但是，此过程要求临床医生在手动和耗时的任务中进行此操作，这在试图加快诊断加快时并不理想。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个基于概率支持向量机（SVM）的集成分类器，以识别肺炎模式，同时提供有关分类可靠性的信息。具体而言，将每个CCT扫描分为立方斑块，并且每个CCT扫描中包含的特征都通过应用核PCA提取。在合奏中使用基本分类器使我们的系统能够识别肺炎模式，无论其尺寸或位置如何。然后，根据每个单个分类的可靠性，将每个单独的贴片的决策组合成一个全局：不确定性越低，贡献越高。在实际情况下评估性能，准确度为97.86％。获得的大型性能和系统的简单性（在CCT图像中使用深度学习将导致巨大的计算成本）证明我们的建议在现实世界中的适用性。

Process monitoring and control are essential in modern industries for ensuring high quality standards and optimizing production performance. These technologies have a long history of application in production and have had numerous positive impacts, but also hold great potential when integrated with Industry 4.0 and advanced machine learning, particularly deep learning, solutions. However, in order to implement these solutions in production and enable widespread adoption, the scalability and transferability of deep learning methods have become a focus of research. While transfer learning has proven successful in many cases, particularly with computer vision and homogenous data inputs, it can be challenging to apply to heterogeneous data. Motivated by the need to transfer and standardize established processes to different, non-identical environments and by the challenge of adapting to heterogeneous data representations, this work introduces the Domain Adaptation Neural Network with Cyclic Supervision (DBACS) approach. DBACS addresses the issue of model generalization through domain adaptation, specifically for heterogeneous data, and enables the transfer and scalability of deep learning-based statistical control methods in a general manner. Additionally, the cyclic interactions between the different parts of the model enable DBACS to not only adapt to the domains, but also match them. To the best of our knowledge, DBACS is the first deep learning approach to combine adaptation and matching for heterogeneous data settings. For comparison, this work also includes subspace alignment and a multi-view learning that deals with heterogeneous representations by mapping data into correlated latent feature spaces. Finally, DBACS with its ability to adapt and match, is applied to a virtual metrology use case for an etching process run on different machine types in semiconductor manufacturing.

Modelling and forecasting real-life human behaviour using online social media is an active endeavour of interest in politics, government, academia, and industry. Since its creation in 2006, Twitter has been proposed as a potential laboratory that could be used to gauge and predict social behaviour. During the last decade, the user base of Twitter has been growing and becoming more representative of the general population. Here we analyse this user base in the context of the 2021 Mexican Legislative Election. To do so, we use a dataset of 15 million election-related tweets in the six months preceding election day. We explore different election models that assign political preference to either the ruling parties or the opposition. We find that models using data with geographical attributes determine the results of the election with better precision and accuracy than conventional polling methods. These results demonstrate that analysis of public online data can outperform conventional polling methods, and that political analysis and general forecasting would likely benefit from incorporating such data in the immediate future. Moreover, the same Twitter dataset with geographical attributes is positively correlated with results from official census data on population and internet usage in Mexico. These findings suggest that we have reached a period in time when online activity, appropriately curated, can provide an accurate representation of offline behaviour.

An Anomaly Detection (AD) System for Self-diagnosis has been developed for Multiphase Flow Meter (MPFM). The system relies on machine learning algorithms for time series forecasting, historical data have been used to train a model and to predict the behavior of a sensor and, thus, to detect anomalies.

Content moderation is the process of screening and monitoring user-generated content online. It plays a crucial role in stopping content resulting from unacceptable behaviors such as hate speech, harassment, violence against specific groups, terrorism, racism, xenophobia, homophobia, or misogyny, to mention some few, in Online Social Platforms. These platforms make use of a plethora of tools to detect and manage malicious information; however, malicious actors also improve their skills, developing strategies to surpass these barriers and continuing to spread misleading information. Twisting and camouflaging keywords are among the most used techniques to evade platform content moderation systems. In response to this recent ongoing issue, this paper presents an innovative approach to address this linguistic trend in social networks through the simulation of different content evasion techniques and a multilingual Transformer model for content evasion detection. In this way, we share with the rest of the scientific community a multilingual public tool, named "pyleetspeak" to generate/simulate in a customizable way the phenomenon of content evasion through automatic word camouflage and a multilingual Named-Entity Recognition (NER) Transformer-based model tuned for its recognition and detection. The multilingual NER model is evaluated in different textual scenarios, detecting different types and mixtures of camouflage techniques, achieving an overall weighted F1 score of 0.8795. This article contributes significantly to countering malicious information by developing multilingual tools to simulate and detect new methods of evasion of content on social networks, making the fight against information disorders more effective.